Balance Sheet and Annual Financial Statements Essay

The directors are responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the annual financial statements of the Company and Group, comprising the directors’ report, the statements of financial position as at June 2013, the statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year then ended, and the notes to the financial statements, which include a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory notes, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) and the requirements of the Companies Act of South Africa. The directors are satisfied that the information contained in the annual financial statements fairly represents the financial position at year-end and the financial performance and cash flows of the Company and Group. The directors are also responsible for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and for maintaining adequate accounting records and an effective system of risk management as well as the preparation of the supplementary schedules included in these financial statements. The directors believe that the Company and Group have adequate resources to continue trading as a going concern in the foreseeable future. The annual financial statements support the viability of the Company and the Group. The Group’s external auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers Incorporated, audited the Company and Group annual financial statements, and their report is presented on page 5. The external auditors were given unrestricted access to all financial records and related data, including minutes of all meetings of shareholders, the board of directors and committees of the board. The directors believe that all representations made to the independent auditors during their audit are valid and appropriate. Approval of Annual Financial Statements The Company and Group annual financial statements of Shoprite Holdings Ltd, as identified in the first paragraph, were approved by the Board of directors on 19 August 2013 and signed on its behalf by: CH Wiese Chairman JW Basson Chief Executive Officer Certificate of the Company Secretary In terms of section 88(2)(e) of the Companies Act no 71 of 2008 (as amended) I, PG du Preez, in my capacity as Company Secretary, confirm that for the year ended 30 June 2013, the Company has lodged with the Companies and Intellectual Property Commission, all such returns as are required of a public company in terms of the Companies Act and that all such returns and notices are true, correct and up to date. PG du Preez Company Secretary 19 August 2013 Directors’ Report Shoprite Holdings Ltd and its Subsidiaries 2 NATURE OF BUSINESS Shoprite Holdings Limited (â€Å"Shoprite Holdings†) is an investment holding company listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange Limited (â€Å"JSE†) in the â€Å"food retailers & wholesalers† sector. Secondary listings are also maintained on the Namibian and Zambian Stock Exchanges. supermarket premises or developing new shopping centres to accommodate one of the Group’s supermarket formats. New retail developments and the redevelopment of existing properties are supervised through every stage of the planning-, design- and construction process. SHOPRITE INVESTMENTS LTD: SHOPRITE HOLDINGS COMPRISES OF THE FOLLOWING MAIN SUBSIDIARIES: As a wholly owned subsidiary of Shoprite Holdings, Shoprite Investments conducts the Group’s treasury function and financing of credit sales to third parties. SHOPRITE CHECKERS (PTY) LTD: Supermarkets: Serves a broad customer base through our Shoprite, Checkers, Checkers Hyper and Usave store formats. Supply Chain Management: Supplies the Group’s outlets in South Africa and 16 Non-RSA countries. The Group prides itself in running a state-ofthe-art distribution operation and became the first South African retailer to receive the ISO 9002 accreditation for import and export handling. Fast Foods: The Hungry Lion chain now boasts modern, well-designed stores with an inescapable focus on fried chicken and operates outlets within South Africa, Botswana, Zambia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia, Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Franchise: The OK Franchise Division’s stores offer a wide range of perishable and non-perishable food items and liquor under the OK, Friendly Grocer, 7-Eleven, Megasave en Sentra brands. Freshmark: Freshmark is the Group’s fruit and vegetable procurement and distribution arm and supplies fresh produce to the Group’s retail outlets. As one of the largest buyers of fresh produce in South Africa, Freshmark also imports fruit and vegetables to ensure a wide variety and continuity of traditionally seasonal fresh produce. Liquor Stores: Trading under the Shoprite and Checkers LiquorShop brands respectively, the liquor shops have extended the Group’s offering by providing a selection of wines, beers and a wide range of premium spirits to its customers. Meat Markets: The Group’s meat market division is the largest retailer of fresh meat on the African continent. Customers are served through in-store butcheries that employ qualified butchers and technicians. Money Markets: Money Markets offer a comprehensive range of financial services and products to the Group’s customers through dedicated in-store service counters. Furniture: The Furniture division offers furniture, electrical appliances and home entertainment products to customers for cash or credit through its OK Furniture, OK Power Express and House & Home outlets in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Swaziland, Lesotho, Zambia, Mozambique and Angola. Pharmacies and wholesale distribution: MediRite’s in-store pharmacies offer consumers an easy access to affordable healthcare and healthcare professionals. These in-store dispensaries currently operate throughout South Africa and also in Angola and Swaziland. The Group’s pharmaceutical wholesaler, Transpharm, sells and distributes a wide range of pharmaceutical products and surgical equipment to hospitals and clinics, dispensing doctors, veterinary surgeons and private and corporate pharmacies. Properties: This division is tasked with the responsibility of expanding the supermarket portfolio through the identification and leasing of new SHOPRITE HOLDINGS LTD ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2013 COMPUTICKET (PTY) LTD: As a premier ticketing solution provider and one of the most recognised brand names, Computicket offers theatre, concert, festival, sport and cinema tickets along with bus tickets and gift vouchers through a network of outlets located across South Africa and Namibia, a call centre as well as the Computicket website. Computicket also offers travel packages. SHOPRITE INTERNATIONAL LTD: Incorporated in the Republic of Mauritius, Shoprite International is the holding company for the majority of the Group’s non-South African retail and property investments. SHOPRITE INSURANCE COMPANY LTD: Provides first and third party short-term insurance to the Group and its customers. OTHER GROUP SUBSIDIARIES: The interests of Shoprite Holdings in other subsidiaries are set out on page  69 of the Annual Financial Statements. FINANCIAL REVIEW The Group’s headline earnings per share amounts to 675,4 cents for the year (2012: 607,0 cents). Details of the profit of Shoprite Holdings and its subsidiaries are contained in the statement of comprehensive income on page 7 with reference to the operating segment information on page 23. The financial position of Shoprite Holdings and its subsidiaries are recorded in the statement of financial position on page 6. Further details are furnished in the notes to the annual financial statements on page 10 to 68. The Group’s net asset value per share as at 30 June 2013 was 2  837 cents (2012: 2  382 cents). DISTRIBUTION TO SHAREHOLDERS PREFERENCE DIVIDENDS Details are reflected in note 27 to the Group’s Annual Financial Statements. ORDINARY DIVIDENDS An interim cash dividend (no. 128) of 123 cents per share was paid on 18  March 2013. A final dividend (no. 129) of 215 cents per share, is payable on 16 September 2013, bringing the total dividend for the year to 338 cents (2012: 303 cents) per ordinary share. 3 SHARE CAPITAL The authorised share capital of Shoprite Holdings remained unchanged at 650 000 000 (six hundred and fifty million) ordinary shares of 113,4 cents (one hundred and thirteen comma four cents) each. There was no movement in the number of issued Shoprite Holdings ordinary shares which remained at 570 579 460 shares of 113,4 cents each. On 28 June 2012, shareholders approved the issue of an additional 13  803  405 non-convertible, non-participating, no par value deferred shares in the share capital of Shoprite Holdings to Thibault Square Financial Services (Pty) Ltd pursuant to the issue of 27  100  000 ordinary shares during the previous reporting period. These deferred shares were however only issued on 25 July 2012. As at 30 June 2013, 35 436 472 (6,2%) ordinary shares were held as treasury shares by a wholly owned subsidiary of Shoprite Holdings. GOING CONCERN The annual financial statements of the Group were prepared on a going concern basis. The Board has performed a formal review of the Group’s results and its ability to continue trading as a going concern in the foreseeable future. The directors of Shoprite Holdings confirm that they are satisfied that the Group has adequate resources to continue in business for the foreseeable future. During the reporting period the following special resolutions were passed by main Group subsidiaries: SHOPRITE CHECKERS (PTY) LTD – Special resolution number 1: Approval of new Memorandum of Incorporation; and – Special resolution number 2: Financial Assistance to Subsidiaries, Related and inter-related entities. SHOPRITE INVESTMENTS LTD – Special resolution number 1: Approval of new Memorandum of Incorporation. COMPUTICKET (PTY) LTD – Special resolution number 1: Approval of new Memorandum of Incorporation. SHOPRITE INTERNATIONAL LTD Special resolution number 1: Approval of new Constitution. SHOPRITE INSURANCE COMPANY LTD – Special resolution number 1: Approval of new Memorandum of Incorporation. BORROWINGS DIRECTORS AND SECRETARY Shoprite Holdings has unlimited borrowing powers in terms of its Memorandum of Incorporation. The Group’s overall level of debt increased from R4  035 million to R4  151 million during the financial year under review. The directors’ names and details are furnished on pages 8 and 9 and the company secretary’s name, business and postal address on page 67 of the Integrated Report. In terms of the Memorandum of Incorporation of Shoprite Holdings (â€Å"the MOI†), no less than one third of the non-executive directors shall retire by rotation at each Annual General Meeting. Dr CH Wiese, Messrs EC Kieswetter, JA Louw and JF Malherbe retire as directors, in terms of paragraph 33. 5. 1 of the MOI of the Company, at the Annual General Meeting. Dr CH Wiese, Messrs EC Kieswetter and JA  Louw have offered themselves for re-election as directors of Shoprite Holdings. The board supports the re-election of these directors. SPECIAL RESOLUTIONS At the Annual General Meeting of Shoprite Holdings held on 29 October 2012, shareholders approved the following special resolutions: – Special resolution number 1: Remuneration payable to Non-Executive Directors; – Special resolution number 2: Financial Assistance to Subsidiaries, Related and inter-related entities; – Special resolution number 3: Financial Assistance for Subscription of Securities; – Special resolution number 4: General Approval to repurchase shares; and – Special resolution number 5: Approval of new Memorandum of Incorporation as proposed by the Board. Directors’ Report (continued) The company’s directors are responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated and separate financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and the requirements of the Companies Act of South Africa, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated and separate financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. AUDITOR’S RESPONSIBILITY Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated and separate financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated and separate financial statements are free from material misstatement. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgement, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion. OPINION In our opinion, the consolidated and separate financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated and separate financial position of Shoprite Holdings Limited as at 30 June 2013, and its consolidated and separate financial performance and its consolidated and separate cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and the requirements of the Companies Act of South Africa. OTHER REPORTS REQUIRED BY THE COMPANIES ACT As part of our audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements for the year ended 30 June 2013, we have read the Directors’ Report, the Audit Committee’s Report and the Company Secretary’s Certificate for the purpose of identifying whether there are material inconsistencies between these reports and the audited consolidated and separate financial statements. These reports are the responsibility of the respective preparers. Based on reading these reports we have not identified material inconsistencies between these reports and the audited consolidated and separate financial statements. The  most significant assumptions and estimates used in applying the Group’s accounting policies relate to the following: a) Impairment of assets: The Group performs a review of loss-making stores and considers the need for the impairment of assets under these circumstances. This determination requires significant judgment. The Group evaluates amongst other things, the duration and extent of the losses, the near-term business outlook for the store, and the possible redeployment of the assets between stores. Refer to notes 3, 9 and 26. Useful lives of assets: In determining the depreciation and amortisation charge for property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, management applies judgment in estimating the useful lives and residual values of these different asset classes. Refer to notes 3, 9 and 21. c) Income taxes: The Group is subject to income taxes in numerous jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the worldwide accrual for income taxes. The Group recognises liabilities for anticipated uncertain income tax positions based on estimates of potential additional taxes due. With regards to deferred income tax assets for unutilised income tax losses, judgment is also required to whether sufficient future taxable income will be available against which these losses can be utilised. Refer to notes 1. 11 and 28. d) Allowances for doubtful debts: Trade receivables include instalment sale debtors and franchise debtors for which allowances for impairment are made in accordance with the accounting policy in note 1. 15. These calculations involve the discounting of projected future cash flows and require the use of estimates. Details regarding the allowances are set out in note 12. e) Employee benefit accruals and provisions: Various assumptions are applied in determining the valuations of post-retirement medical benefits, share based payment accruals and long term employee benefits as set out in notes 1. 20, 1. 22, 14, 17 and 35. Estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying value of assets and liabilities in a subsequent year relate to the following: income taxes; allowances for doubtful debts and employee benefit allowances. All estimates and underlying assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates form the basis of judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised and any affected future periods. Use of adjusted measures The measures listed below are presented as management believes it to be relevant to the understanding of the Group’s financial performance. These measures are used for internal performance analysis and provide additional useful information on underlying trends to equity holders. These measures are not defined terms under IFRS and may therefore not be comparable with similarly titled measures reported by other entities. It is not intended to be a substitute for, or superior to, measures as required by IFRS. a) Trading profit on the face of the statement of comprehensive income, being the Group’s operating results excluding foreign exchange rate differences and income or expenditure of a capital nature. b) Income or expenditure of a capital nature on the face of the statement of comprehensive income, being all re-measurements excluded from the calculation of headline earnings per share in accordance with the guidance contained in SAICA Circular 3/2012: Headline Earnings. The principal items that will be included under this measure are: gains and losses on disposal and scrapping of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and assets held for sale; impairments or reversal of impairments; any non-trading items such as gains and losses on disposal of investments, operations and subsidiaries. c) Interest received on the face of the statement of comprehensive income, being only interest received on call and operating bank account balances. Subsidiaries Subsidiaries are entities (including special purpose entities) which are, directly or indirectly, controlled by the Group. Control is established where the Group has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing whether the Group controls another.

Factor Influencing Mortar Selection

1 Independent Study Proposal 50731710 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 2552 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. 2 2552 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ( ) ( ) ? ( ) Significant factors influencing construction business for instant cement (Dry Mortar Cement) selection. .. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ?. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 ( ) ( 1 – 3) Significant Factors Influencing Construction Business for Instant Cement (Dry Mortar Cement) Selection (Chapter 1 -3) 50731710 .. ? 3 1 â€Å" † ? ? ? 8 ? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 55. 36 ? 30 1-2 ?.?. 2551 1. 8% 2. ( ) 27% 4 3. 4. 5. 6. ( ) 18% ( ) 9% ( ) 4% 4% ? ( ) 3 8 3 1. SMC ( ) 2. ( ) SCCC 3. ( ) TPI-PL ? 5 ( ) 3 13 ? ? 1 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 ? ( ) ( ) ( ) 115,000 113,013 -1,988 -1. 73% 200,000 178,763 -21,237 -10. 62% 260,000 166,207 -93,793 -36. 07% 330,000 400,000 1 1 2 3 6 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 SMC ( ) TPI-PL ( ) SCCC ( ) ( ) 1,530,000 603,738 371,943 113,013 441,307 1,630,000 682,807 436,025 178,763 332,405 1,730,000 739,575 513,810 166,207 310,408 1,850,000 1,970,000 2 SMC 39. 46% 41. 89% 42. 75% TPI-PL 24. 31% 26. 75% 29. 70% SCCC 7. 39% 10. 97% 9. 61% 28. 84% 20. 39% 17. 94% 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 3 ? 7 ? 1. 2. 3. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1. 2. ? 3. 1. ?.?. 2549 2. ? ? 3. 8 1. (1450 ? C) 2. ? 9 2 ? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. (Organization Buying) Marketing Mix) 4 1. (Sole proprietorship) (Allyn and Bacon, 1987) ? 10 ( , 2549) ? 2. (Limited Partnership) (Allyn and Bacon, 1987) (Limited partnership) ? 1 ? ? ( , 2549) (Limited partnership) 2 ? ? 11 3. (Corporation) (Straub/Attner, 1985) ? ( , 2549) 7 ? ? ? ? ? 12 4. ( ) (Public Company) ( , 2552) ?.?.?. ?.?. ? ? 535 ? ? ? ( ) Public Limited Company ? Plc PLC (Public Limited Company) private Pcl PCL (Public Company Limited) ?. 15 5 ? ?. 100 0. 6 50 ? ? ? 10 ?. 5 20 100 ? (Trewatha Newport, 1982) ? ? 4 (.. , 2552) ? ? 13 1 2 ? 3 1. â€Å" † ? 2. 14 3. ? ? ? ? 1. 2. 3. 3 4. 5. 2 ? 6. ? 4 1. (Top Management) ? 2. (Manager) 2 15 3. (Frontline manage or Supervisor or Group leader) (Foreman) 1 ? 4. (Staff) 4 ? 1. 2. 3. 4. ? ? ( . , 2552) ? ( ) 8 1. 1 9 2. 2 9 3. 1 10 4. 2 9 5. 8 16 6. 9 7. 15 ? 8. 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 4 4 10 10 50 50 100 100 1,000 1,000 (Organization Buying) (Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller, 2006) 1. 17 2. 3. ? 3 ? 1. (Straight re-buy) ? 2. (Modified re-buy) ? ? 3. (New task) (Awareness) (Interest) (Evaluation) (Trial) (Adoption) ? 8 ? (Buying Center) 7 1. (Initiators) 2. (Users) 3. (Influencers) 4. (Deciders) 5. (Approvers) 6. (Buyers) 19 7. (Gatekeepers) ? ? ? ? 4 ? 2 1. (Environmental factors) ? ? 20 2. (Organization factors) ? ? (Purchasing-department upgrading) (Centralized purchasing) (Decentralized purchasing) Long contract) (Purchasing performance evaluation and buyer’s professional development) 3. (Interpersonal factors) ? ? ? 4. (Individual factors) ? ? ? 21 ? ? ? ( , 2541) ? 8 1. (Problem recognition) ? 2. (General need description) ? 1 3. (Product specification) 4. (Supplier search) ? 5. (Proposal solicitation) 6. (Supplier selection) ? ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. 22 ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. . (Order routine specification) ? 8. (Performance review) (Marketing Mix) (Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller. 2006) ? 4 23 Four Ps ( ) (Product), (Price), (Place) (Promotion) 3 (Product) (Attention) Acquisition) (Using) (Consumption) ? 5 24 1. (Core Product) ? 2. Generic Product) 3. (Expected Product) 4. (Augmented Product) ? ? ? 5. (Potential Product) ? ? ? 5 ? 1. Tangible Product) ? ? ? (Consumer goods) (Industrial goods) (Consumer goods) 25 (End User) (Industrial goods) ? 2. (Intangible Product) ? (Service) ? ? (Price) 2 26 1. (Company Objective) 2. (Character of Product) 1. (Demand) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ? 6 1. (Total Revenue) 2. (Profit) ? 3. (Quantity) ? 4. (Competition) 27 5. (Social) 6. (Image) ? (Place) ? (End User) (Industrial User) (Transfer Point) ? 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ) 5. 6. ?. 28 ?. ?. 7. ( ) ?. ?. ? ? ?. ? ?. ? (Promotion) ? 4Cs ? 29 1. (Advertising) ? 5Ms ?. (Mission) ?. (Money) ?. (Message) ?. (Media) ?. (Measurement) 2. (Sales Promotion) ? ? 3 ?. (Communication) ?. (Incentive) ? ?. Invitation) 3. (Public Relation) ? (Marketing Public Relation, MPR) ?. (Launch new products) ?. (Repositioning) 30 ?. ?. ?. ?. ? 4. (Personal Selling) 3 ?. ? (Personal Confrontation) ?. ? (Cultivation) ?. (Response) 5. (Direct Marketing) (Direct Mail) (Telemarketing) 4 ? ?. (Nonpublic) ?. (Customized) ?. (Up-to-date) ?. (Interactive) 31 (2544) 20-29 30-39 6-10 ? (2545) , ? 32 (2545) 30-39 ? 20,000-29,999 ? ? ? (2548) ? ? ? 30-39 10,000 3 10 ? ? 33 ( ) ? ? ? ? ? 34 4 5 35 1. 2. 3. 4. 36 3 ? 1. (Primary Data) 2. Secondary Data) ? 1. ? ? 37 2. ? (Infinite population) n = N / (1+N. e2) n N e 10 % 0. 1 ? 90% 100 ? 1 2 3 38 (Pretest) ( ) 30 (Validity) (Difficulty) (Usability) ? (Reliability) 1. (Validity) ? (Content Validity) (Construct Validity) 2. Difficulty) ? 3. (Usability) 4. (Reliability) ? 39 (Reliability) (Pre-test) 30 ? Alpha _________ 1. (Non-Probability Sampling) (Convenient Sampling) ? 2. – 2552 08. 00 – 17. 00 ?. 2 100 1. (Editing) 2. (Coding) 40 3. 5 = = = = = 5 4 3 2 1 4.

Applied Research Technologies Incorporation Analysis

Applied Research Technologies Incorporation Analysis Introduction of Case study:- The case study is about the Applied Research Technologies Incorporation, which is an emerging corporation in the field of technology. Company has built up its strength from mergers and acquisitions in the year of 1980 and 1990. As a result, in the year of 2006, the ART portfolio consist of 60 business units having major divisions of Industrial automation, Health care, HVAC (Heating ventilation and air conditioning) and Water management Division. Backbone of the business:- Innovative Culture:- The company success is based on the innovative environment and friendly culture for the entrepreneur mind people. The encouragement for innovative ideas can be idealized from the fact that company spends double money on supporting innovative ideas from the other industrial companies. This innovative culture comes from the top, because the CEO (David Hall) encourage employees to spend half day in a week in brainstorming, problem solving and experimenting which is ref erred as â€Å"tinker time†. According to the CEO, he likes to have meetings of managers and innovators so that new ideas emerged. According to him, it is the fact that you will not succeed every time but we should celebrate worthy attempts even they are unsuccessful. Knowledge Sharing:- Knowledge dissemination and sharing is also a promising picture that reflects the cooperative culture of the company. Experts of different department help each other in the successful completion of the project as well as problem solving. Funding to entrepreneurial ideas:- As discussed earlier, company serve significant amount of resources on innovative ideas. Whenever an idea comes which successfully complete the beta batch production and market potential analysis process also called â€Å"proof of concept†, quickly the resources are put behind the idea. CEO of the company wanted to minimize the period from the emergence of idea and the successful launching of commercial product. To co nvert this idea into reality company introduce a program which is referred as† fast track pipeline†, the main purpose behind this activity is to provide additional resources for the high priority projects. Competitive targets and executive compensation:- As the structure of the company belief on decentralized decision making, so to coordinate the activities toward the completion of business as well as corporate goal highly performance targets are set followed by executive compensation. In 2006, the company gives the target referred to as 10(sale growth 10%)/ 15(pretax margin 15%)/ 20(return on investment). Work force Diversity:- CEO of the company wanted to have a global presence. For this, he not only want to expand his business in different geographical areas but also to open its branches in different areas to grasp the talent and utilize for the further development of the company. In response to this idea, R&D group of ART has opened Indian Technical Center (ITC) in 2 000. Filtration Unit:- Our main area of discussion is regarding Filtration unit that struggled hard to reach at a success level. This business has been acquired in 1996 from oil and gas Service Company. Its core products are relating to the Government requirement of recycling of water at drilling sites and well heads.

The Kurds A Stateless Nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Kurds A Stateless Nation - Essay Example Studies indicate that, the political and social-economic changes witnessed by the rural Kurds in the 1950s such as industrialization, rural-urban migration, mechanization of farming and agriculture, and political mobilization destabilized the tribal structure of their tribal structure (Romano 66). For instance, over 35% of the Kurdish population in Turkey lives in Izmir, Ankara, Istanbul, and other parts of Turkish cities. Many of these people left Kurdistan forcibly because of political and state terror or voluntarily because of economic and social purposes. This essay will explore more on the language, religion, and other cultural and economic aspects of Kurdish identity. According to Zulal (146), the Kurds continues to speak many languages of the Kurdish commonly categorized into two groups. The first language group is Kurmanji spoken by over 75% of the Kurds, composed of two branches; North Kurmanji the most widely used language among the Kurds and South Kurmanji. The second lang uage group is the Pahlawani spoken by the 25% of the Kurds population and composed of two branches; Dimili and Gurani. Kurdish language serves as the cementing power of the Kurdish nationalism. For the past decades, conflicts have emerged within different tribes as many attempt to differentiate languages used by the Kurds. For instance, in the early 1920s, Ataturk substituted the alphabet words used in Turkish from the Arabic and Latin alphabet. As a result, the Kurds from turkey were forced to embrace and adapt the Latin alphabet for their language. In 1924, strict measures were imposed in Turkey to suppress the Kurds’ language (Entessar 66). The measures involved banning both written and spoken word of Kurdish language and ensuring that only those who speak and understand Turkish are provided with information and education. During that period, possession and distribution of written materials in Kurdish language became a severe crime liable to be punished by long prison sent ence. However, in the early 1990s, Kurds within Turkey began to use their language. Many Kurds have had the opportunity to express their thoughts in writings and readings. In terms of religion, two thirds of the Kurds’ population are Sunni Muslims who adhere mostly to the Shafi’i legal schools. However, the Arab and Turkish adhere to the Hanafi schools while Persian and Azeri to the Shi’ite schools. The remaining population of Kurds adhere to heterodox and rituals and beliefs that are somehow influenced by Islam, but more influenced by other Iranian religion. The Syncretistic sects include the Ahle-e Haqq also known as people of truth, the Alevis, and Ahl-e Haqq. Still, there a few thousands Christians Kurds and Jewish Kurds living in and outside Kurdistan. In the 18th and 19th century, religion played a significant role in the Kurdish community. It dictates the way people lived and perceived things. For instance, most of the Kurdish rebellions that broke out be tween 1880 and 1940 were initiated by Sheikhs (Gunter 539). At this point, the rebellion was affected by the religious differences of the Kurds. For example, Sunnis divided into two religious diversities; the Naqshbandi and Qadiri that never cooperated with each other effectively. The religion diversities between the two religions instigated rebellious. In regard to education, the ban of the Kurdish language and shortages of teachers and schools in Kurdish community have hindered education development. A study

Pros and Cons of using open source software to secure your network Essay

Pros and Cons of using open source software to secure your network - Essay Example This is so to guarantee unlimited access to derived works by original contributors. Examples of open source software in the contemporary world include the operating system Linux, Firefox, GIMP, Sugar CRM, Vtiger, Zurmo, and Suite CRM. People generally develop open source software to gain recognition and plaudits, enhance the product and to increase its longevity (Feller, 2005). With the huge number of organizations, governments and businesses using open source software such as the ones listed above, it has become evident that the free/ fair/ lower prices of the software is not the only advantage the use of these software bring. Along with reduced cost of spending and management of such software, there are a plethora of other benefits concerning the use of open source software. The first of these benefits is the superior security that is associated with open source software. An instance that proves this higher security status is a recent happening where coverity of numerous defects of the Android kernel was discovered. The only reason this discovery was possible is because the kernel code is open to the view of the general public. Basically therefore, the implications of open source software is that the more people who can see and test a set of codes, the higher the chances that flaws will be discovered and quickly corrected. This is what is termed the Linu x law which asserts that, given sufficient eye balls, all bugs are shallow. Open source software kinds are continuously evolving and upgrading the system. The markets appreciate product robustness and open source software facilitates a larger market of early adopters (compared to those of closed source software/ proprietary kind) who actively aid in debugging the software. In essence, therefore, open source software grows much faster in the early stages of development/ introduction into the market (Feller, 2005). Closed

Child-Centered Curriculum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Child-Centered Curriculum - Assignment Example Thus, he uses four instincts to determine the character of the child. These are social, constructive, expressive, and artistic. Moreover, he accentuates that in every instinct, there's a corresponding curriculum that best suits the child. At first sight, John Dewey's child-centered curriculum may looked biased. However, I see it more effective rather than the philosophy proposed by disciplinarists who are main skeptics of John Dewey's belief. I discern that giving importance to a child's' decision help them restrain unnecessary actions and make them more responsible in their own lives. It not only set a perception where they are trusted but also divulge things they are capable of doing. Students, in able to be more effective should know what they really want. This will help them decide which field to pursue. Here, they are more assured to keep on track because they go in the path that interests them. As a shift manager, I seldom put my team under pressure. I motivate them through engaging them with healthy challenges, achievements and fair recognitions. As aforementioned above, I am sensitive to my team's' feelings rather than the goal. If truth be told, my management style varies towards different people just like curriculum towards students. In my job, I tend to handle different people. Same with John Dewey's treatment to students, I prefer giving my team the right to discover their individuality beyond rules and regulations.

Global marketing and communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global marketing and communication - Assignment Example So, it can be said that globalization complements the standardization of company’s products in various markets around the world, and as a result plays a major role in the influencing and changing the consumer behavior of the masses in various markets around the world. There are some widely popular examples that can be quoted to demonstrate the globalization strategy of companies when they focused on treating the world as a single entity. It has to be noted that different category of products like beverage drinks, electronic goods, music products, clothing accessories implement the strategy related to globalization. The popular sports brand Adidas implements the strategy of globalization for the purpose of communicating value to its customers around the world (Pride and Ferrell, 2010, p. 194). Another company that increasingly categorizes the world as a single entity for the purpose of marketing its standardized products is the globally reputed beverage brand Coke which caters to consumers around the globe, with its widely popular product range which are homogeneous in all markets around the world (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 2007, p. 313). Various companies that have the clothing based product offering like that of Levi Jeans etc, also focus on standardization of its products while offering it to consumers in various markets around the world. Localization Localization happens when companies of a particular country focus on the process of going for market development by entering in to new markets in the country (Hines, 2000, p. 27). Talking in these regards, it can be said that the companies while focusing on the designing of... As a matter of fact, it can be said that there is a great demand for various new as well as existing products and services in the marketplace. In an attempt to cater for this demand, various companies around the world are focusing on fulfilling this demand by entering into new markets or catering existing markets by offering new values based products and services. This paper discusses in details the multiple processes that companies implement for the process of value generation for a wide range of customers while maintaining their levels of profitability. Conclusion As of today’s date in an attempt to survive the cut throat competition in the marketplace, the companies around the world firmly believe, that the process of entering into new markets through the carefully designed strategic moves related to product development, market development, product penetration and diversification will help them achieve significant amount of business growth in the upcoming future. So, the companies are looking forward to implement the various methodologies like globalization, localization as well as glocalization. On a concluding note, it has to be stated that in this particular assignment, the global brand Apple is taken because of the brand’s significant amount of presence in various markets around the world. The other important factors behind the selection of this particular global brand are the process of high brand equity as well as high consumer demand around the world.

Chapter 8 summary-business ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chapter 8 summary-business ethics - Term Paper Example Moreover the concepts of business ethics have been successfully illustrated with many of the examples from business world. A person becomes liable to a firm when he signs the contract at the first place when he is employed. A contract that is signed at the time of hiring sets the rule for an employee. The rules must be followed by the employee in any case because it is agreed by both the parties. An employee is liable to reach certain targets in order to get fair remuneration. The clauses of a contract not only includes the framework that is supposed to be followed by an employee but it further includes even the smallest matters such as holding the prospects regarding dresses clearly. There is always a combination of comments and acceptability when it comes to loyalty towards the company from an employee. Some of the writers of business ethics believe that an employee needs to be highly loyal to the company whereas on the other hand it is believed that there is a non acceptance of the fact that loyalty should be exercised to the diminished social life of an employee. It is quite depending upon the nature of the job and what type of the organization would an employee would be working. There are some of the jobs nature that require over times. The need of defending the interest of an employer is far more significant and required than just being loyal to the company. There could be a certain points and instances where the interest of an employee would surely collide with the interest of an employer. In this chapter, the issues between the interest of employee and employer have been referred to conflict of interests. The conflict of interest of could be in terms of employee’s desire of wearing clothes the way he wants, coming late at work or could be a conflict in the attainment of remuneration. The conflicts could be solved for sure but there could be instances where the conflicts would be unacceptable for the company

Performance Evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Performance Evaluation - Assignment Example (McIness et al cited by Demirag, 1988, p. 258). The use of a single accounting standard - for both performance measurement and tax reporting removes the risk of a more favourable internal valuation becoming damaging evidence in the event of disputes with tax authorities (Baldenius et al, 2003, p. 592). Also, there is no additional administrative overhead and associated costs that may have resulted if the performance reporting was decoupled from tax reporting. Using only profits as the measurement gauge may work if all other factors are equal. However, the business enterprise is a dynamic environment and all factors rarely, if ever, remain equal and a simple reliance on profitability numbers may not prove an adequate measure of performance, even though it would (and should) provide guidance on the financial health of the organization. Watty and Terzioglue (1999, p. 5) cite Kaplan as saying non-financial measures are just as essential and too much emphasis on just financial measures may decrease an organization's long-term viability. Also, Kren (1994, p. 68) assumes that excessive or inappropriate reliance on accounting performance measures would prompt managers to manipulate accounting data. That this pressure exists within the Niessen culture can be inferred from the US marketing manager's manipulation of the transfer pricing. A profit centre model implies that managerial control is decentralized with ultimate responsibility for centre performance residing the business unit manager. However, Niessen Peru is a captive subsidiary company with only one customer: Niessen Apparels, USA, its parent. The present policy excludes any scope for attracting or soliciting orders from other apparel companies who may or may not be competing in the same market space. This would mean that Valencia's responsibilities are limited to operations: production efficiency and cost control. Being a captive subsidiary, Niessen Peru is totally dependant on the parent company to keep its production capacity fully utilized. Any slackening in the order flow will impact the bottom line. Sales are outside Valencia's control and responsibility. Any performance measure that does not compensate for this factor will present a skewed result that can be easily misinterpreted. The subsequent events bear this out as seen by the increase in idling due to the slow down in US sales and the misinterpretation of the Peru operations statement by management members not aware of the behind the scenes price fixing. Another factor that hasn't been taken into account, as it may effect Niessen's satisfaction with subsidiary performance, is cultural distance. In the context of multi-national companies, cultural distance is the difference in the way business is conducted between companies of different cultural backgrounds. Dikova and Witteloostuijn's (2005, p. 24-25) research suggests that there is a significant positive correlation between cultural similarity and the performance of the subsidiary. Also, they cite Anderson, et al (p. 24) arguing against foreign investments for the sole purpose of increasing short-run financial performance although they do qualify the target market as "young" and

Interview on understanding and evaluating effectively another's Assignment

Interview on understanding and evaluating effectively another's beliefs - Assignment Example The interview was conducted with the intention to comprehend as well as to evaluate his belief in context to some of the mostly debated philosophical questions often discussed within my circle of friends. I correspondingly determined the philosophical domain for the interview, with regard to evaluating the responses of the interviewee, to be truth/logic. The interview was conducted in a coffee shop because the place would be neutral for me as an interviewer and my friend as an interviewee. I put considerable significance to ensure that the interview was conducted in the morning, as it would be the time when the interviewee was in a fresh state of mind, which would further ensure reliable responses. The discussion of the interview was more in casual way than formal. This further ensured that the interviewee does not hesitate while responding to the questions asked and could respond freely. Moreover, it would also be vital to mention that the interview was conducted following both verb al and non-verbal communication. This ensured that both the interviewer and the interviewee could get a comprehensive understanding about each other’s questions and responses. Correspondingly, the questions I asked and the responses I could obtain from the interviewee have been provided hereunder. Q.1. Interviewer- What life means to you? Interviewee- For me, the meaning of life is what one gives to him/her own-self. For me, the meaning of life is setting goals for myself and achieving the same, maintaining relationships in a responsible manner and living with principles. Q.2. Interviewer- Is there life after death? Interviewee- Nothing in this world is immortal. Even scientists say that universe once created, will also end at a certain point of time. So, I believe that if our life has been created and if we are mortal, life will end after death. Q.3. Interviewee- If God is present, why do we suffer? Interviewer- I believe, in order to appreciate the good, we need to face the evil or the challenges. So, God ensures certain sufferings for us in order to make us realize about the importance of being good. Q.4. Interviewer- How do you decide between what is right and what is wrong? Interviewee- I believe what is right or wrong to me might not be the same for the others. I believe I decide on right or wrong on the basis of morality rather than logic. (West Minister Collage, 2013; Klempner, 2003) 2.0. Analysis and Evaluation The above responses of the interviewee clearly depict certain aspects of his beliefs regarding some of the commonly argued upon philosophical questions. The first response of the interviewee, with regard to the question of meaning of life, clearly depicts his views related to his perceptions towards leading a prosperous life. He depicted that meaning of life is similar to what one sets for him/her. This particular belief revealed through his response correlates with the ‘science of reasoning’ in truth/logic. The interviewee also portrayed his objectives and goals in life and his inclination to live with principles, as the ultimate meaning of living. This statement clearly depicts his ‘law of thought’ about life. In this regard, he presented that there is no true or false way of leading a life; rather, it is just what one believes to be appropriate for him/her (Cowan and Spiegel, 2009). The response of the interviewee with the regard to the question of life after death, the interviewee was observed to be thinking straight forwardly about the scenario. His response to

Nazi and Vatican Relations during WWII Essay Example for Free

Nazi and Vatican Relations during WWII Essay How was Vatican’s relationship with the Nazi Germany during the War? The seat of the Roman Catholicism lies in the Vatican City- state with the Pope as the head of state and Supreme Pontiff of the Catholic Church. As a religious institution the Vatican has internationally been recognized as a powerful and independent diplomatic service capable of forging agreements for peace in behalf of the entire Catholic congregation. In the last twenty years during the reign of Pope John Paul II, the Vatican had aggressively been active in an international promotion of peace thereby denouncing war and hostilities. It’s involvement in international politics had been questioned as the historical sins of the Roman Catholic Church in the past centuries were brought to light. Presently, the Vatican is also heaped with blame for allowing WWII atrocities to befall on the Jewish community during the Holocaust. As the leader is the Catholic Church, the Vatican is supposedly a champion of humanitarian service. Yet it has received much criticism that leads us to question the Vatican’s relationship with Nazi Germany during WWII through a genuine look into the positions taken and deeds committed by the Vatican and its officials. In 1933, the Vatican forged an alliance with Nazi Germany through a Concordat signed and administered by Nazi Vice Chancellor von Papen and Vatican’s Cardinal Pacelli who later became Pope Pius XII according to Conway (2001:17). This treaty authorized the papacy to impose new church law on German Catholics at the same time granting generous privileges to Catholic schools and the clergy Langmuir (1998:9). According to Hen, the church sees this as an effort to curb the expansion of Protestantism in Germany and to secure civil guarantees for the Catholic institutions and their activities (2000: 139). Cardinal Pacelli had already arranged concordats with other individual German states and negotiating a concordat with the Reich’s new government could aid the Catholic Church’s effort to prevent the spread of communism using Nazi as its bulwark in Alvarez and Graham (1997:13). Hen also added that the appeasement treaty asserted to give financial support to the church’s schools and make Catholic religious education available in the public schools by instructors approved by the bishops, was the Church’s reason for a concordat (2001: 41). Catholic priests and leaders who were once vocal in denouncing the Nazi movement took the signing of the treaty as an indication that the Roman Catholic Church had softened their opposition to socialism while some political commentators, journalists and historians believed that this event was a manifestation of Pope Pius XI’s and Cardinal Pacelli’s underlying motives in Langmuir(1998:9). Hitler and the Nazi Party interpreted the concordat’s ratification to mean that they had won the church’s approval thereby allowing them the needed recognition in international politics and showing the world that the German Chancellor was politically reliable and trustworthy in Kick (2002:7). Likewise the Nazi Party relied on the Concordat policy to rise unopposed by the most powerful religious community in the world (Alvarez, 1997: 49). Hitler’s power over churches advanced as he placed the church under administrative control while obligating German bishops to the Nazi state by endorsing Nazism as a positive Christianity in Hen (2002: 165). With the Catholic Church’s withdrawal from social and political action, the concordat policy allowed the most disturbing extermination of the Jews carried out by the Nazi party in Europe in predominantly Catholic region according to Phayer (2000:xiii). The Nazi anti-Semitic values were then fanned throughout Europe as the German Catholic Church movement was subdued by the appeasement terms in the Concordat that Hitler do not wish to honor according to Conway (2001:68). Pius XI underestimated Hitler’s influence with the belief that Germany would honor the appeasement treaties cited in the concordat and started condemning Nazism. Pope Pius XI died in 1939, just a few hours before he could deliver a blunt message condemning Nazism amidst rumors of murder according to Murphy and Arlington (1983:195). Cardinal Pacelli assumed as Pope Pius XII and removed Pius XI’s prior ban on Action Francaise which was an anti-Semitic organization according to Friedlander (1996:223). Pius XII failed to condemn the wave of atrocities committed by the Nazi against the Jews marked the extermination of European Jews after being hunted like animals, robbed of their possessions, homes and loved ones, subjected to physical and mental torture, summarily executed and killed according to Langmuir (1998:8). In 1941, Pope Pius XII reiterated his stand of remaining neutral when consistently asked by US delegates according to Friedlander (1997: 226). Vatican could never feign ignorance on the massacre of the Jews as it had it own diplomatic corps and representatives in many European countries through a papal nunciate (Hen, 2002:165). It was only in late 1942 when Pius XII spoke out against the Nazi while refusing to publicly denounce violence against the Jews. His silence without emitting a condemnation against Hitler’s military aggression is a source of dispute which the church cannot claim ignorance to justify their silence. Conclusion It should be remembered that the Vatican’s interest which lie foremost in the foreign policy of the concordat in 1933 to protect its properties and interests in Germany. Pius XII as Vatican’s Secretary of State harbored fears of loosing the same privileges during the war which served as the background for non-intervention in Nazi affairs. Pius’s self-serving perspective goes beyond moral ascendancy that lies against the teachings of the church as it maintained a modicum of silence while Jews were exterminated en masse. Any condemnation against the atrocities would have carried great weight and would serve as a catalyst for the international committee to act for humanitarian reasons. Works Cited Alvarez,David and Graham, Robert. Nothing Sacred: Nazi Espionage against the Vatican, 1939-1945. Routledge,1997. Conway, J. S. The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1933-1945. Regent College,2001. Hen, Chiang. Two Thousand Years with the Word.Institute for Christianity, 2000. Langmuir, Gavin L. Frankel, Jonathan. The Fate of the European Jews, 1939-1945: Continuity or Contingency? (ed. ) Oxford University Press, 1998. Kick, Russell. Everything you know is wrong: The Disinformation Guide to secrets and lies. The Disinformation Company, 2002. Murphy, Paul and Arlington,Rene. La Popessa. New York: Warner Books Inc, 1983. Friedlander, Saul. Nazi Germany and the Jews: The Years of Persecution. New York: HarperCollins, 1997. Phayer, Michael. The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930-1965. Bloomington: Indiana University, 2000.

Chinese Mythology Essay Example for Free

Chinese Mythology Essay Chang-e is the lunar goddess in Chinese traditional myths. In China, she is a widely known character. She is known as a very beautiful woman who is living alone in a palace in the moon called â€Å"Guanghan Palace†. Her story is one of the most famous tragedies in Chinese myths. Recently there are several â€Å"retold† versions of the story of Chang-e’s ascent to the moon in different media. In 2010, there was a teleplay named â€Å"Chang-e† that told about the love story of Chang-e, Houyi, Wugang and Jade Rabbit. In the retold story, the relationship of these four persons is very complicated at the beginning. Later on, Houyi falls in love with Chang-e and Wugang is in love to Jade Rabbit. They try to start their new lives happily. However, a great flood troubles people, and it can be only resolved by Chang-e. The Jade Emperor gives 2 pills to Houyi and Chang-e but one of the 2 pills is destroyed and exchanged a fake one by a scoundrel. Houyi eats the fake pill when he knows this since he wants Chang-e to float to the moon and control the tides, so that she can stop the disaster. At the end, Chang-e floats to the moon alone. Jade Rabbit sympathizes with Chang-e so she also floats to the moon to accompany her. The 2 couples are both separated. There are several versions of the ancient myth about Chang-e. But the most famous one is from the book â€Å"huainanzi† . Chang-e is Houyi’s wife. Houyi gets elixir from Xiwangmu (the Western Queen Mother), and give it to his wife to store. When Houyi is going out to hunt, his student Fengmeng try to steal it but he is discovered by Chang-e. When he wants to kill Chang-e, she swallows the elixir and floats to the moon. Houyi is very angry when he backs home and Fengmeng has already fled. Houyi feels sad and miss Chang-e, so he prepares some fruits and cakes Chang-e likes as sacrifices to worship. The Mother of Moon shows mercy and allows them to meet in the night with full moon. People believe Chang-e has become the goddess of moon after hearing of the story, so they follow Houyi and pray to her. This is the origin of worship to Chang-e on Mid-Autumn Festival. Although there are many myths in ancient China, Chang-e’s story becomes one of the most famous. People have retold it for thousands of years. It is because of the â€Å"Yin Yang† culture in China. â€Å"Yin† means negative, dark, cold or female, etc. Chinese people believe the moon belongs to â€Å"Yin†, and it is the most â€Å"Yin† thing in the universe. Also, Chinese people think the moon is beautiful but lonely and cold because of the nature of Yin. So, people believed that the deity of the moon should be also beautiful, female and alone. In the story, Chang-e is a young and very beautiful woman. Her image fits people’s thinking of the moon. Her husband Houyi is a hero with great power and good at archery. He shot down 9 suns. Although these two persons are nearly perfect, their love story is a tragedy. People always remember those sad and beautiful love stories. This is the reason why tragedies are always retold again and again. Also, Chinese think that the wanes and full of the moon hint the parting and meeting of families or lovers. As the great poet Su Shi said, â€Å"People have sorrow and joy, they part and meet again and again. There are wanes and full of the moon, it is sometimes covered and it sometimes shines. These are always regrets since the olden days. † This impression fits the situation of Chang-e and Houyi. They are separated but still can meet in the night with full moon. On another hand, ancient Chinese were very curious about the moon. They thought the moon was beautiful but mysterious, and they always imaged the nature and story of the moon, and tried to get some ideas to go to the moon. From a long time ago, there are so many literary works talking about the moon. Ancient Chinese reposed their thinking on the story of Chang-e’s ascent to the moon, and retell the myth again and again. The popularity of the story of Chang-e shows ancient Chinese people’s eagerness and willingness to explore the moon. Even though they had no abilities to go to the moon, they tried to pass the idea to posterity, and that really comes true recently. In the past several decades, the space flight technology has developed significantly. Nowadays, it allows humans to go onto the moon already. In 2007, the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP) was launched, and the program is also named â€Å"Chang-e Program†. The lunar orbiters and lunar landers launched in this program are all named â€Å"Chang-e 1†, â€Å"Chang-e 2†, etc. The naming of the program and orbiters and landers hints that the Chinese people’s dream of going to the moon finally comes true. Chinese people can finally set foot on the moon back like the lunar goddess, Chang-e. In contemporary China, the influence of the story of Chang-e still exists in other aspects. The story is retold again and again in different media, such as films, teleplay and cartoons, etc. It is even included in Chinese primary students’ textbooks. Furthermore, many people still keep the tradition of worship to Chang-e on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, when the moon is said to be largest, and Chang-e can hear the pray of people. People will prepare moon cakes and fresh fruits as sacrifices to the lunar goddess, as what Houyi did many centuries before. This tradition shows Chinese people’s mind does not change among thousands of years. Chinese know that the parting and meeting of people are unchangeable, just like the nature principle that the moon wanes and becomes full, moves in circles. Therefore, on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, people recall their family, friends or lovers. The olds hope their children and grandchildren can be with them to celebrate the festival and view the full moon together. And in the night, adults will tell the story of Chang-e to the children, and introduce the culture of Mid-Autumn Festival. The story is retold again and again, and passed to the posterity. Even though those family members has left hometown, they will try their best to back home before the festival to celebrate with the family. In the night with full moon, they pray to the lunar goddess for reunions of members of family. People are eager for â€Å"Yuan†. In Chinese, the word â€Å"Yuan† means the shape of circle and also the reunion of members of family. On the Mid-Autumn Festival, people always pray for â€Å"Yuan† of both the moon and family. Even though the myth of Chang-e’s ascent to the moon has more and more retold version since people’s different interest in different times, the culture of it will never change. Chinese people will keep the core value of â€Å"Yuan†, as well as other Chinese traditional core value. References 1. Wen Yu , (2010) ‘ ’, Enorth. com. Retrieved from http://ent. enorth. com. cn/system/2010/11/23/005412956. shtml 2. Gao You. Huainanzi Explanation . Worldbook Taiwan, 1965. 3. Jiang Pei Ying , 300 Song Poems . Thread-Blinding Books Publishing House, 2003. 4. Liu Zhi Qing , (2007) ‘â€Å" † ’,Xinhuanet. Retrieved from http://news3. xinhuanet. com/tech/2007-07/07/content_6340313. htm.

English Essays Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde

English Essays Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was an incredibly well plotted story which became immensely popular, and implanted itself into the popular psyche. The story is told mostly from the perspective of a third party, the lawyer Mr Utterson, and concerns his friend the scientist Dr Jekyll and Jekyll’s associate, the misanthropic and widely loathed Mr Hyde. Utterson suspects Hyde of using Jekyll due to a change of will; however when Hyde disappears following a brutal murder Utterson is temporarily satisfied. However Utterson grows increasingly concerned about Jekyll’s erratic behaviour, and after Jekyll becomes a recluse in his room making strange demands in an unfamiliar voice Utterson, along with Jekyll’s butler, break down the doctor’s door, only to find Mr Hyde who is dead from apparent suicide. The events of the story are later explained through the testimony of a doctor, Lanyon – who witnessed a transformation from Hyde into Jekyll – and, in greater depth through Jekyll. It turns out that Mr Hyde was the result of one of Dr Jekylls experiments, and that, upon consuming the ‘transforming draught’ Jekyll became a loathsome character almost the opposite of his usual self.   Over time Jekyll found himself transforming into Mr Hyde without taking the draught, and when the drug ran out he became trapped as Hyde. Upon taking the last of the drug Jekyll writes ‘I bring the life of that unhappy Henry Jekyll to an end’. The book is often said to be typical of a certain type of Victorian gothic novel, with suspense playing a key role, and a gruesome aspect prevalent. The role of medical science was also an important theme, as well as the theme of dual personalities, a theme which Stevenson often studied. The novel was immediately incredibly popular, and stage adaptations occurred in Boston and London within a year of publication. The tale was also used by many as a moral fable, and religious leaders used the story for moralising sermons – altering the tone of the book. It has often been noted that the book has since become popular by those who don’t read novels, largely as it was initially seen as having a moral dimension which the author probably didn’t intend. However the language of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde has passed into popular culture and has an enduring popularity for many reasons. One reason which the tale may still be as popular as ever is the psychological power of the idea of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Many people claim to have a Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde personality, or claim to know others with that personality; it is a powerful psychological idea which many people relate to. According to Dalrymple it allows people who claim to follow such a pattern themselves to be able to say that, though they may do evil, they are intrinsically good. Similarly if they claim that someone they love has a Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde personality it justifies they’re love saying they are ultimately good, even if that is not mirrored in the way they often act. The psychological attraction of the Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde story is merely one way in which it holds onto the popular imagination. It is also possible to talk of it as being relevant to alcohol, with the ‘transforming draught’ turning an individual from one of virtue to one with all the worst possible characteristics. It is worth looking at the following passage when Jekyll describes first taking the transforming draught, seeming to replicate the sensation of being drunk for the very first time: ‘†¦I came to myself as if out of a great sickness. There was something strange in my sensations, something indescribably new and, from its very novelty, incredibly sweet. I felt younger, lighter, happier in body; within I was conscious of a heady recklessness, a current of disordered sensual images running like a mill race in my fancy, a solution of the bonds of obligation, an unknown but not an innocent freedom of the soul. I knew myself, at the first breath of this new life, to be more wicked†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ It is certainly worth noting the Stevenson is alleged to have written much of the book under the influence of cocaine, and he was not one averse to transforming his own mental state. Another way in which the book could be tackling themes which people can still relate to, is the fact that the book could well be seen to tackle the changes which occur with age. Stevenson often talked of the profound changes which come with age. Was Jekyll having a midlife crisis, and was therefore reaching out to the more reckless side of his personality? In conclusion there are many reasons why this book has the enduring popularity which it does. Not least among these reasons is the fact that it is still a very good read. Bibliography Cooper, N., Reed, Thomas L., Jr. the Transforming Draught: Jekyll and Hyde, Robert Louis Stevenson and the Victorian Alcohol Debate, English Literature in Transition 1880-1920, Volume: 50. Issue: 3, 2007, p365+ Dalrymple, T., Mr. Hyde the Epidemiology of Evil, New Criterion, September 2004, p24+ Mills, K., The Stain on the Mirror: Pauline Reflections in the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Christianity and Literature, Volume: 53. Issue: 3, 2004, p337+ Stevenson, R. L., The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Puffin Books, 1985 Stiles, A., Robert Louis Stevensons Jekyll and Hyde and the Double Brain, Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Volume: 46. Issue: 4, 2006, p879+

Causes Of The American Civil W Essay -- essays research papers

Sectional tension increased during the mid 19th century bringing America into a civil war. There were a few important factors that helped to increase tensions in both the North and the South. Some of these factors were the Anti-Slavery movement, Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Fugitive Slave Law, John Brown’s raid at Harpers Ferry, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and the election of Abraham Lincoln into Presidency. There were quite a few events that caused tensions in the North. The anti-slavery movement greatly influenced the north’s feelings toward slavery. Writers like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote on the topic of slavery and helped lead the movement against it. In his newspaper, The Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison shared his wish for complete and immediate abolition: "tell a mother to gradually extricate her babe from the fire into which it has fallen -- but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present." The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 angered the North because it voided the Missouri Compromise that they agreed to 34 years prior. The Free States felt they were undermined. The Fugitive Slave Law fueled the anti-slavery feelings in the North. It was probably one of the most important causes that bought on war. The law said that if slaves escape from the North, northerners are responsible for assisting in his capture and return. This brought many questions to peop...

The Signalman and The Man with the Twisted Lip Essay -- Charles Dicken

The Signalman and The Man with the Twisted Lip Originally stories were sung or spoken and handed down through word of mouth from one person to another. There were thousands of traditional stories all over the world, from King Arthur and his knights of the round table in Britain to Hercules and the Gods on Mount Olympus in Greece. In the middle ages this was how stories were told, these stories were sometimes shown as plays, which many people could pay to watch. These plays were based on love, war and religion and were very popular with everyone. Some mystery plays were based on bible stories and shown throughout Europe. Others were based on the courtly love tradition where women were worshipped like Gods. In contrast other stories were shown as having the â€Å"damsel in distress† such as Robin Hood, with knights and a great battle of good versus evil. Some even took the myths and legends and included them in their stories; this could have been where princesses were saved from a beast such as a dragon or a small boy performing the colossal act of defeating a giant. The Signalman By Charles Dickens The setting is a railway line at the bottom of a steep cutting, where the sunlight â€Å"barely penetrated†. It was a â€Å"dark, dank, gloomy and depressing place near a tunnel with a red danger light at its entrance.† The signalman’s box was but a few hundred yards from the entrance of the tunnel, giving the impression that this is the last outpost of life before entering the tunnel, which could go down to the underworld. NB. In Ancient Greek legends, the entrance to Hades Underworld or death was often portrayed as a dark tunnel or cave. The main character is a signalman, he is working class but â€Å"educated beyon... ...The Man With The Twisted Lip Greed, deceit and shame changed Neville St Clairs life as he became something he wasn’t i.e. the beggar to gain more money; the deceit was the manner in which he gained the money, he developed a character by dressing up under a disguise, and shame if the high class society found out how he gained his money it would be social suicide for himself and his family 15. The characters willingly move towards their own doom. The Signalman focused on his job to keep the train safe, willingly tended to the red light near the entrance to the tunnel but was not focused enough on his own safety and so was cut down by the train The Man With The Twisted Lip Neville St Clair conscientiously chose to be a beggar and also would have willingly gone to prison or the executioner rather than have revealed the secret and disgraced his family.

Sleeping Beautys Castle Essay -- Compare Contrast Castles Architectur

Sleeping Beauty's Castle The past has a great influence on present culture. However ideas and themes of the past can change with time. This is true with the ideas associated with the medieval castle. These castles, which once served as a military fortress as well as a residence, are now often associated with the fantastical, popular images people can have of the middle ages. Sleeping Beauty's castle at Disneyland is a good example because it represents an idea to many people of what a medieval castle may have looked like. However the Disney castle is not an exact representation of a medieval castle. The differences in style and architecture between the Sleeping Beauty Castle and a medieval castle reflect each castle's varying functions and result in different impressions associated with each castle. Sleeping Beauty's castle is located at the Disneyland amusement park in Anaheim, California. The castle was opened in April 1957, roughly two years after Disneyland itself opened. Since its opening, the castle has become a major attraction at the park. It is often shown in advertisements for Disneyland and appears on its movie logo. The castle stands in the center of the park, at the end of Disneyland's Main Street. It is also directly aligned with the front entrance of the park. The exterior of the castle is the main emphasis of the attraction. It represents the medieval castle where Sleeping Beauty was born. The numerous towers and walkways that make up the castle are inaccessible. They are only part of the castle's decoration. Visitors to the castle will find that they cannot ascend into any of these towers and can only walk straight through the castle. The walkway through castle displays a diorama of Sleeping Beauty's life... ...types. The more knowledge that is known about medieval castle, the more apparent it is that his castle is an exaggerated version that is aimed more at expressing the magical and fantastical qualities that modern society associates with the middle ages than at giving a true historical representation of a medieval castle. Works Cited: 1. Hughes, James. Military Architecture. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1974 2. Levron, Jacques. The Royal Chateaux of the Ile de France. New York: Rand McNally & Company, 1965. 3. Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. New York: Prentice Hall, inc., and Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 1995. 4. "Architecture." World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 1986. 5. "Castles." World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 1986. 6. "Middle Ages." World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 1986.

Id System with Sms

Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University Computer Education Program Bacolor Pampanga ID System with SMS A Thesis Presented to the faculty of Computer Education Program In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Presented by: Julie Ann Alvarado Paula Pamela Candole Georgette Nicole Cunanan Shiela Mae Gamboa September 2012 Chapter 1 Problems and its Settings 1. Introduction Nowadays, in modern society, human productivity was made efficient through the development of electronic gadgets.Now, with the advent of modern education, one way to globalize the process of recordings is to realize that the technology is incredibly fast. Computers were not confined for entertainment but made for education. And allow us to gather information in a quick and accurate manner. A School I. D System with SMS is used to verify the identity of a student in a campus. The data is stored in a database. An I. D system is about identifying the person’s full name, address, course and section and often containing a photograph. Some schools have been using I.D System but many are still using manual system like in MACCIM ROYAL ACADEMY in SAN JUAN LUBAO. This Manual System is time consuming and lost of records. This process is burden for the student and especially for their teachers. The proponents aim to improve the existing system and provide a better way of dealing with the most with the most common problems in schools. The proposed I. D SYSTEM USING SMS TECHNOLOGY. 2. Background of the Study Students I. D’s are a good way to increase the campus security. The project gate entry used I.D system has provided benefits to the events have made security for educational institutions. From the smallest charter school to the largest university, all concerned about running an efficient, low cost security solution that provides safety for its students. 3. Statement of the Problem The proponents of the study have inv estigated the topic â€Å"I. D SYSTEM USING SMS TECHNOLOGY†. In order to seek the solution and answer to the difficuilties encountered by the teachers and parents too. The MACCIM ROYAL ACCADEMY is using a manual system.Teachers used a recording book that serves as the records for their attendance of their student and it may cause a hard time because of one by one checking and writing the attendance of their students that can also cause of waste of time. Listed below are the problems that the proponents have encountered in using Manual System. 1. 3. 1 GENERAL PROBLEMS The general problem of MACCIM ROYAL ACCADEMY is that all school and teachers encountered is loosing their records of their student’s attendance that causes problem to the grades of their students.And most of all is the time wasted they do because of their manual system checking. 1. 3. 3 Specific Problem †¢ Large number of students and increase yearly. †¢ The wasted time in writing or checking att endance of their students. †¢ Less security for the students and records of the school. 4. Objectives of the Study Today parents expect and demand a lot more from their children’s schools. They want to be informed everything going on in the school so that they can make their own judgment about what is best for their children.Naturally, there is ambivalence on the part of the school officials about what kind of communication is necessary or appropriate. School officials want open and positive communication lines with their children’s parents, but they want parental support for their policies and educational philosophy. Very often principals and teachers feel that parents’ demands are excessive and unreasonable, and that the parents do not fully appreciate the difficulties with which the school officials are struggling. Research shows that children do better in school when parents talk often with teachers and become involved in the school.There are number of ways that parents and teachers can communicate with each other, rather than relying on the scheduled parent-teacher conferences. Close communications between parents and teachers can help the student. The proposed system will help the MACCIM ROYAL ACCADEMY to make their work faster and accurate. The proposed system will use Biometric scanner and Bar coded I. D to prevent unauthorized use of the system. The system will also used SMS Technology to send due notification to remind their parents or guardians that their child surely went to school.Because of this system parents are updated about their child or children in school. It serves more security for the school and students. 1. General Objectives To developed an I. D system using SMS Technology for MACCIM ROYAL ACCADEMY and also for the parents who’s concerned. 2. Specific Objectives In order to achieve the general objective, this study would seek the following specific objectives: †¢ More security for the students and school’s documents. †¢ Checking of attendance is easier. Classes start early. †¢ Parents are updated about their children. 5. SCOPES AND LIMITATIONSAs with any studies, there are scopes and limitations that cover the proposed system. This chapter gives detailed information on the scopes and limitations of the proposed system. 1. SCOPES The scopes of the proposed system are to create a I. D System Using Short Message Service (SMS). With these, it helps the teachers lessens their work in checking the attendance of their student for parents, it help them to know whether their child is truly went to school or not with the help of the system that be able to sent them a short message saying that their child really went to school.The system is able to check the student’s attendance whenever they enter the gate of the school with the help of their Bar Coded I. D and the system will automatically send a short message to the guardian’s contact number that will b e seeing in the students I. D that will be registered in the main server. 2. LIMITATIONS The limitations of the proposed system are as follows: †¢ The system relies on electricity not unless there is a generator at hand. †¢ The system cannot send a message to a single person. †¢ Simple txt message only. There is no scope for any graphics or audio. The message that they will receive will only have the information about the attendance of the student and nothing more. 6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The proposed study will contribute implication to different people and with the academy in these categories: economical, educational, social, and technological. 1. 6. 1 EDUCATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE The study is considerable to the research because they will gain some knowledge about developing SMS based system. The result of the study could also benefit the school as the system contributes to the accumulation of knowledge about the use of technology.The system will be a proof as one of the goals of the school and that is the quality education innovation. 1. 6. 2 TECHNOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This system will be momentous milestone for the school as this pioneering undertaking. With the researchers, the study is important because it will extend their knowledge on the rapid rising of technology. In addition, in finishing this study, they will be able to develop possible enhancement in SMS based system on the user’s needs. 1. 6. 3 SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE In creating the system, the proponents were able to build up communication skills.They learned to deal with different people to achieve the desired information needed for the completion of the study. Companionship was increased between the proponents, to give forth-good results and success to the study. The system will allow the parents and the school administrator to communicate with one another through short message service (SMS). Getting parents involved about their children’s attendance in school is on e way of ensuring the proper guidance is extended and given. 1. 6. 4 ECONOMICAL SIGNIFICANCE With the system to be implemented, It shall greatly contribute to uplift the school image as a prime secondary school.It can be a good marketing tool to attract more parents to enroll their children in MACCIM ROYAL ACADEMY. Researchers will be able to maximize their time, resources and efforts in developing the said study. 7. Definition of Terms Access Control Facility A set of programs from Computer Associates that enable security on mainframes, with ACF prevents accidental or deliberate modification, corruption, mutilation, deletion, or viral infection of files. With ACF, access to a system is denied to unauthorized personnel. Any authorized or unauthorized attempt to gain access is logged.Barcode An optical  machine-readable  representation of data relating to the object to which it is attached Originally barcodes represented data by varying the widths and spacing’s of parallel lines, and may be referred to as linear or one-dimensional (1D). Barcodes originally were scanned by special  optical scanners  called barcode readers; later, scanners and interpretive software became available on devices including  desktop printers  and  smart phones. Wireless network Refers to any type of  computer network  that is not connected by cables of any kind.It is a method by which homes,  telecommunications networks  and enterprise (business) installations avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations. Electronics Deals with  electrical circuits  that involve  active electrical components  such as  vacuum tubes,  transistors,  diodes  and  integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The  nonlinear  behavior of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes amplification of weak signals possible and is usually applied to  information  and  signal processing.Access Administrator A person who manages a local area communications network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) for an organization. Responsibilities include network security, installing new hardware and applications, monitoring software upgrades and daily activity, enforcing licensing agreements, developing a storage management program and providing for routine backups, not to mention ensuring that it is up and running all the time. Biometric Comprises methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits.In computer science, in particular, biometric is used as a form of identity access management based and access control. It is also used to identify individuals in groups that are under surveillance. Level of Access Users can view and edit any part of your account or a system. Whats unique about levels of access users is that they can enable and disabled access for other users. Co mputer Software A general term used to describe a collection of computer programs, procedure and documentation that perform some task on a computer system. This term includes application software such as word processor which performs productivity tasks for users.Database A collection of data or file of information in a form accessible by computer or indexed in machine readable form. In a sense, a database is a computerized library in which individual records can be retrieved. Hardware It is the physical components of a computer system, in the form of computer hardware. Computer hardware is the physical part of a computer, including the digital circuitry, as distinguished from the computer software that executes within the hardware. Registered Jack (RJ45) It is a standardized physical interface for connecting telecommunication equipment (commonly, a telephone jack) or computer network equipment.

Main Theories of Aggression

Outline and survey the main theories of intrusion Aggression is an performance of hostility with deliberate intention to violate an a nonher(prenominal) person against his or her will. roughly psychologists believe that onslaught is an important construction of our evolutionary ancestry and it is understood let on in that context, whereas others believe that assault is scoop up pardoned in physiological terms e. g. the unstableness of hormones or neurotransmitters in the brain. There argon many definitions purposed to explain wherefore humans/ animals become obstreperous (http//www. essortment. com/ tout ensemble/whatisaggress_rxeo. tm). In the tender nobbleing surmisal (SLT) of pugnacity, Bandura (1962) suggested that the expression of aggression is learnt through and through favorable learning not ignoring the fact that the potential for the human aggression was biological. Bandura claimed that we learn proper(postnominal) predatory conducts for example, the form in which the aggression takes and how it is addressed to the target. Skinner, 1953 suggested that a child learns the aggressive demeanor through direct reinforcer while Bandura argues that a child learns by observing role models indirectly.Moreover, the SLT pot be used to explain other deportments much(prenominal) as eating disorders, personality and so forth Research carried out by Phillip (1986) suggested the quotidian homicide rate in the US closely increased in the following of a major boxing match this suggested that the viewers were imitating the behaviour they watched from their role models. This distinct shows that the SLT toilette also be used to explain the behaviour of both the children and adults. This is because aggressive behaviour is witnessed at home and at indoctrinate as well as through the media i. . reading books, watching television and sense of hearing to a current type of music. By observing the consequences of others actions, children learn the aggressive behaviour indirectly. This whole mould is known as the vicarious keep whereby a child learns the promising progeny of the aggressive behaviour and from that observation they triumph the behaviour that is considered appropriate. Not only does a child learn the behaviour tho the child also observes if the behaviour is expense take oning.In the future, the child is likely to repeat the behaviour when the expectation of a bribe is greater than the expectations of being punished (Bandura, 1962). looking at the Bobo maam studies, Bandura et al free-base that children who watched an aggressive model became more aggressive and imitated the behaviour portrayed by the model. This is clear evidence to support the SLT for the fact a child learnt the aggressive behaviour by observing the role model.On the other hand, the aggression was imposed towards a doll affecting the reliability of the conclusion because this was a still figure that could not use self-defence. As a result to this, Bandura ingeminate the study using a train of woman hitting a defy clown, therefore this influenced the children to also hit a live clown when given the opportunity. This can explain the cultural differences, for the fact that societies such as the US are passing violent compared to other pygmies of central Africa who do it to live in cooperative friendship (Aronson, 1999).These findings could be explained by the differences due to social learning whereby the several(predicate) societies influence the behaviour of the two cultures. However, concourse also play off differently in term of different situations because aggressive behaviour is rewarded in certain situations than others (i. e. Competitive sports such rugby, boxing etc. ). The appropriate behaviour is learnt for leave-takingicular situations. Moreover, aggression could also be explained as a result of the loss of personal indistinguishability this could be due to the relative name slightness of being in a press or wearing a uniform.The Stanford prison try out illustrates this effect this is whereby Zimbardo showed how the guards who were deindividuated by reverberate glasses and uniforms containd aggressively towards the prisoners. The Stanford Prison Experiment is an empirical support for the deindividuated theory because it shows how the behaviour of the normal students changed after they had been assigned to fall out the role of guards. However, the brutality could be explained in terms of the perceived social roles because they were not shown the exact way that the actual guards behaved.Psychologist Zimbardo believes that deindividuated people are likely to behave aggressively because the loss of a sense in the individual can lead to reduce self- restraint. This in turn leads to impulsive and deviant behaviour and a less tinct over negative evaluation from others. being unnamed in a congregation has the psychological consequence of reducing restraints and change magnitude behaviours that are usually inhibited. Prentice- Dunn and Rogers (1982) suggested that an increase in aggressive behaviour following deindividuation energy be caused by the reduced hiding rather than public self- awareness, i. . becoming less self-aware rather than being anonymous to others. A problem for the theory is that deindividuation does not eternally lead to aggression, and may real lead to pro-social behaviour. In a meta- synopsis of 60 studies of deindividuation, Postmes and Spears (1998) found that deindividuation does not always lead to aggression for example, an individual part of an angry mob is likely to behave aggressively while a division of a peace rally is likely to become to peaceful.This clearly shows that frustration leads to aggression. thwarting determines whether aggression is effective in that situation. Dollard et al (1939) outlined the frustration-aggression theory suggesting that frustration leads to aggression and that aggressio n is forced by the aggression. Therefore, aggression is the consequence of generalised physiological arousal.

Coffee in the Philippines Essay

This Euromonitor market place traverse provides market trend and market growth compend of the java bean bean industry in Philippines. With this market report, youll be able to explore in detail the ever-changing shape and potential of the industry. You will now be able to plan and build strategy on real industry data and projections. The Coffee in Philippines market research report includes Analysis of keystone supply-side and demand trends Detailed segmentation of international and local anaesthetic products Historic volumes and ranks, company and brand market divvy ups quintette year bets of market trends and market growth.Robust and vaporish market research methodology, conducted in-country Our market research reports assist questions such as What is the market size of Coffee in Philippines? What are the major brands in Philippines? How profound is vending in coffee distribution? How does the profit nuber of speciality coffee shops impact retail gross revenue of co ffee? What are the future prospects for news bulletin 2-in-1 coffee, 3-in-1 coffee and 4-in-1 coffee? How are coffee pods performing in Philippines? Why buy this report?Gain matched intelligence about market leaders furrow key industry trends, opportunities and threats Inform your marketing, brand, strategy and market development, sales and supply functions This industry report originates from Passport, our hottish Drinks market research database. Each report is delivered with the avocation components Report PDF and Word Market statistics Excel workbook examine ANALYSIS TRENDS Instant coffee mixes continued to obtain popularity in both(prenominal) off-trade and on-trade channels in 2010. uprising demand for these products was due to the ease in readying with minimal time involved, which is highly valued by Filipinos with busy lifestyles and busy consumer foodservice operators as brewing accented coffee makes it difficult to meet demand. Nevertheless, the type of flash bul b coffee used in on-trade establishments is usually diametric from off-trade brands as food establishments with high volume employment commonly work with coffee manufacturers to produce customised mixes do from freshly-ground coffee beans and with added flavours, but come in instant powder format.COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE In 2010, come near Philippines continued to dominate coffee with an 81% share of off-trade volume sales and an 89% share of off-trade value sales. This was mainly due to the strong brand recognition of Nescafe, as its name is synonymous with coffee in the Philippines, and the extensive distribution network in both modern and traditional retail channels. The well-diversified product portfolio of Nescafe in instant coffee has also enabled the company to hex a broader range of consumers from low-income Filipinos to health conscious coffee drinkers.PROSPECTS Longer working hours and busier lifestyles for Filipinos, along with the desire to streamline operations amon gst foodservice establishments, are all expected to increase the demand for instant coffee mixes over the forecast period. Nevertheless, consumption of fresh coffee is expected to rectify over the same period. Higher demand should be driven by a niche conference of affluent consumers who are willing to pay more and focus on quality rather than convenience.